OVERVIEW

What is anal polyp?

Anal polyp refers to a growth on the surface of the anal canal mucosa, a chronic condition caused by inflammation stimulating mucosal hyperplasia due to various factors.

It is relatively common, mainly presenting with painless rectal bleeding, diarrhea, tenesmus, and other intestinal irritation symptoms. Larger polyps may prolapse from the anus. Anal polyps can be completely treated through endoscopic removal or surgical excision.

Are anal polyps the same as hemorrhoids?

No. Anal polyps are formed by hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa, while hemorrhoids result from varicose veins in the intestines.

Can anal polyps become malignant?

Yes, so they should be removed promptly upon detection.

SYMPTOMS

What are the common manifestations of anal polyps?

• Generally, there are no obvious symptoms.
• When the polyp is rubbed, squeezed, or even detached, painless bloody stools may occur, but the amount of bleeding is usually small.
• Larger polyps or those subjected to traction may irritate the anal canal or rectum, causing intestinal irritation symptoms such as diarrhea, tenesmus (a strong urge to defecate but inability to do so), and abdominal pain.
• When polyps are large, pedunculated, close to the anus, or numerous, bowel movements or intestinal peristalsis may cause the polyps to prolapse and protrude from the anus.
  Polyps are formed by long-term stimulation and hyperplasia of the intestinal mucosa, usually taking several years to develop.

What other diseases can anal polyps cause?

Anal polyps generally do not cause complications but may occasionally lead to severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia.

CAUSES

What are the causes of anal polyps?

The exact cause is unclear, but it may be related to the following factors:

• Diet: A preference for rough, spicy, or irritating foods, as well as red meat (pork, beef, lamb) and processed meats (bacon, sausage, smoked meat, etc.), can cause physical and chemical irritation to the intestines, leading to chronic inflammation.
• Unhealthy lifestyle habits: Such as irregular sleep patterns, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and prolonged sitting.
• Chronic constipation: Fecal retention can cause chronic irritation to the mucous membranes of the anorectal area.
• Genetics: Genetic factors may also contribute to the development of polyps to some extent.

Are anal polyps contagious?

No.

Are anal polyps hereditary?

They may have some genetic predisposition, as patients with anal polyps often have first-degree relatives with a history of intestinal polyps.

DIAGNOSIS

How is anal polyp diagnosed?

When diagnosing this condition, doctors primarily rely on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, results of a digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, and pathological findings of the polyp.

What tests are needed for anal polyps?

• Digital rectal examination: Simply put, the doctor inserts a finger into the patient's anus to examine the rectal wall for abnormalities and determine the location, size, texture, and tendency to bleed of any lesions. The procedure may cause discomfort but generally does not lead to complications.
• Colonoscopy and polyp pathology: A colonoscopy allows clear visualization of the polyp's location, size, and quantity, as well as performing procedures. The excised tissue is sent for pathological examination to determine whether it is benign or malignant.

What diseases are anal polyps easily confused with? How to differentiate them?

They may be confused with hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or other anal tumors. Doctors differentiate them based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, physical examination, colonoscopy, and pathological tests.

TREATMENT

Which department should I visit for anal polyps?

Colorectal surgery, general surgery, or gastroenterology.

Do anal polyps require treatment?

Yes. Anal polyps not only cause discomfort but also carry a risk of malignant transformation. Therefore, they should be removed upon discovery, followed by pathological examination to determine whether they are benign or malignant.

How are anal polyps treated?

Depending on the location, size, and number of the polyps, treatment options include transanal excision, endoscopic therapy, or surgery.

Is hospitalization required for anal polyps?

Hospitalization is necessary for excision procedures.

Can anal polyps be cured?

Yes, but they tend to recur. Regular follow-ups are required after removal, and multiple surgeries may be necessary.

DIET & LIFESTYLE

What should patients with anal polyps pay attention to in their diet?

Maintain a balanced diet, consume more foods rich in dietary fiber, eat fresh vegetables and fruits to ensure smooth bowel movements, and reduce the intake of red meat and processed meats.

What should patients with anal polyps pay attention to in daily life?

Follow a regular routine and ensure good sleep; quit smoking and alcohol; maintain an optimistic attitude and stable mood; exercise regularly and control weight.

Do anal polyps require follow-up examinations? How are they conducted?

Yes, after polyp removal, follow-ups are generally required every 3 years, though the interval may vary depending on the pathological results.

PREVENTION

Can anal polyps be prevented? How to prevent anal polyps?

Since the exact cause is unknown, there is currently no definitive prevention method. Paying attention to the following may help reduce the risk of anal polyps:

• Quit smoking and drinking;
• Exercise and maintain a healthy weight;
• Follow a balanced diet and ensure regular bowel movements;
• Individuals with a family history of the condition should undergo regular colonoscopies.

How to prevent anal polyps from recurring?

Change unhealthy eating habits and lifestyle, maintain regular bowel movements, and schedule regular follow-up examinations.